By Brett Walton
April 19, 2010
Detroit's water utility supplied 20 percent less water in 2009 than it did in 2003. The obvious reasons why are a steep decline in Industrial activity and population. Michigan's largest city-home to 820,000 residents, 1 million less than in 1950-is losing 10,000 residents annually.
But a third important source of the department's diminishing market is that many poor residents simply can't afford the basic service. Thousands of Detroit residents have had their water connections cut by the city, forcing people to adopt informal methods to gain access to drinking water.
"I've been to some neighborhoods where they run a hose through the window from their neighbor's house," said Maureen Taylor, chair of the Michigan Welfare Rights Organization (MWRO), which educates low-income workers and welfare recipients on social services rights.
"I've seen hoses from house to house. I've seen people with big water canisters getting water from the neighbors. Most folks understand the situation and give a hand."
More than 42,000 residences in 2005 lost their connection to the city's water system, according to figures provided by the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department, Taylor said. The number of homes without access has decreased since then but, according to Taylor, the exact figure remains unknown because DWSD is reluctant to provide data about the shut offs.
DWSD officials, despite requests from Circle of Blue, were not available for comment.
The drop in Detroit's water has prompted the city's water utility to increase rates to compensate for lost revenue, a response that is almost certain to accelerate the decline in water demand as homeowners and businesses cut water use to save money. In 2008 the average annual bill increased by almost $55. Last year, the average annual bill rose to almost $83. The DWSD is considering another 9.2 percent increase in July.
Even with these changes, Detroit still has some of the least expensive water of the 20 major U.S. cities surveyed by Circle of Blue.
While many U.S. cities would see a decline in water consumption as an indication that conservation and efficiency programs are working, the drop in Detroit is one more measure of a city in peril. On average one in six Detroit workers is jobless and in some areas half of the population is out of work, according to Taylor, who has led MWRO since 1993. Many people who lost their job have not been able to keep up with their utility bills, even with city and state financial assistance.
As a result, DWSD--the third largest municipal water department in the country-suffered a $50 million shortfall in projected revenue before the last rate increase in July 2009. Meanwhile rising costs for treatment chemicals, interest rates on debt the utility already owes, and a legal settlement requiring the city's residents to fix sewer overflows that contaminated regional waterways have added to the utility's financial woes.
The finance crisis will take years to solve. The Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, the regional research and planning agency, predicts that Detroit's population will hit bottom in 2020. Meanwhile, some city officials and academics think Detroit's recovery can only start when it becomes smaller.
Mayor Dave Bing talked in February about the need to relocate people within the city. "If they stay where they are I absolutely cannot give them all the services they require," Bing said according to Detroit News.
But the creative possibilities for reimagining the urban space are no consolation for those without access to water now. "The economy has wreaked absolute havoc in Detroit," Taylor said. "We have tens of thousands of people in the city right now without water. It is unreal."
