Global Policy Forum

The outgoing coordinator of the UN oil-for-food deal in Iraq, Denis Halliday, has launched a scathing attack on the policy of sanctions, branding them "a totally bankrupt concept." In his surprise remarks, Denis Halliday said his 13-month stint had taught him the "damage and futility" of sanctions. "It doesn't impact on governance effectively and instead damages the innocent people of the country," he told Reuters news agency. "It probably strengthens the leadership and further weakens the people of the country."

Mr. Halliday, who has resigned after more than 30 years with the United Nations, leaves his post in Baghdad on Wednesday. He was coordinator of the program that allows Iraq to sell limited amounts of oil to buy food, medicine and other supplies.

He said maintaining the crippling trade embargo imposed on Iraq for its 1990 invasion of Kuwait was incompatible with the UN charter as well as UN conventions on human rights and the rights of the child. But Mr. Halliday believes the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan favors a fresh look at sanctions as a means of influencing states to change their policies, in Iraq's case making it scrap its weapons of mass destruction and long range missiles.

"I'm beginning to see a change in the thinking of the United Nations, the secretary general, many of the member states, who have realized through Iraq in particular that sanctions are a failure and the price you extract for sanctions is unacceptably high." His comments follow criticism recently by a top UN weapons inspector, Scott Ritter, of the U.S. and UK for failing take a tougher line over the inspections [in Iraq].

Up to 5,000 Children Dying a Month

Mr. Halliday said disarmament was a legitimate aim, but took issue with the "open ended" and politicized nature of weapons searches in Iraq. "There is an awful incompatibility here, which I can't quite deal with myself. I just note that I feel extremely uncomfortable flying the UN flag, being part of the UN system here," he added.

Mr. Halliday said it was correct to draw attention to the "4,000 to 5,000 children dying unnecessarily every month due to the impact of sanctions because of the breakdown of water and sanitation, inadequate diet and bad internal health situation." But he said sanctions were biting into the fabric of Iraqi society in other, less visible ways. He cited the disruption of family life caused by the departure overseas of two to three million Iraqi professionals. He said sanctions had increased divorces and reduced the number of marriages because couples could not afford to get wed. "It has also produced a new level of crime, street children, possibly even an increase in prostitution," he said.

"This [Bagdad] is a town where people used to leave their key in the front door, leave their car unlocked, where crime was almost unknown. We have, through the sanctions, really disrupted this quality of life, the standard of behavior that was common in Iraq before."

Young Iraqis Likened to Taliban

Mr. Halliday argued that the "alienation and isolation of the younger Iraqi generation of leadership" did not bode well for the future. He said many senior government figures had been trained in the West and exposed to the outside world. Their children had stayed at home through the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war, the 1991 Gulf War, and now sanctions. "They don't have a great deal of exposure to travel, even to reading materials, television, never mind technological change," he said. "I think these people are going to have a real problem in terms of how to deal with the world in the near future."

Likening their introverted development to that of Afghanistan's Taliban movement, Mr. Halliday said younger Iraqis were intolerant of what they considered their leaders' excessive moderation. Mr. Halliday noted mosque attendance had soared during the sanctions era as people sought solace in religion--a change to Iraq's hitherto largely secular coloring.

"What should be of concern is the possibility at least of more fundamentalist Islamic thinking developing," he said. "It is not well understood as a possible spin-off of the sanctions regime. We are pushing people to take extreme positions."