March 26, 2007
There will be plenty of self-congratulatory talk as G8 development ministers meet in Berlin for a two-day meeting, but some say the credit for cutting poverty should go to creative statistical tricks.
She underlined the progress made in creating new instruments of political partnership with the financial and consulting help of the African Union's security commission as well as the Kofi Annan International Peace Keeping Training Center in Ghana. By the end of the G8 meeting there should be a plan to help Africa's democratic nations push ahead with political and social reforms and open their countries to investors, said Eid, who organized former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's G8 development policy for Africa.
Continent of broken promises
But that rosy prospect is not shared by everyone. The African continent has been the object of numerous broken promises and has reason to be skeptical, according to Reinhard Hermle, former head of the Association of German Development Non-Governmental Organizations. He said he remembers the 2001 meeting in Gleneagles, where he and other participants agreed to invest $50 billion in development aid. Half of that aid was intended for Africa, but Hermle said that remains a goal from which "we are still very far."
"Chancellor Schröder had promised to spend 0.51 percent of the German gross social product on development aid by 2010," he said. "Now we are at 0.36 percent, but we are observing that much of what is being included in calculations does not result in money reaching Africa." One example of creative bookkeeping, according to Hermle, was pointless debt relief for Iraq from which the country did not benefit because it had already stopped servicing its debts.
Poverty decline spread unevenly
Similar statistical effects could also be employed with the UN's millennium development goals, to which 189 UN member states agreed to cut in half the number of people living on less than $1 per day. It's a goal Hermle said would likely be achieved due to improving economic conditions in a few nations with large populations.
"Highly populated countries like India and China are making large economic progress," he said, adding that when the countries' total population of 2.5 billion is projected on the world's population the goal of cutting poverty in half can be reached. "But it is a statistical trick." While the absolute number of people living in poverty will drop by 50 percent, few African nations will be able to claim poverty dropped in their country by the same rate, Hermle said.
Working with emerging nations
Representatives from Brazil, India, Mexico and South Africa will be present at the meeting of G8 nations, made up of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States, for the first time. The emerging countries' presence is due to their increasing international political and economic influence that in turn has led to shift in international politics, according to German Development Minster Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, who is chairing the Berlin summit. She said the countries' increased influence could lead to triangle partnerships with a G8 member pairing with an emerging country to provide development aid for a third country.
"One should shape the reformed partnerships with developing and emerging countries to answer the question of what changes to the partnership are necessary and what help we can provide," Eid said. "We are focused on democratization, social reforms and economic growth."
More money needed
The tasks facing the industrialized world are clear, according to Hermle.
"More money has to be made available," he said. "The cooperation between North and South has to be improved. The donor countries have to coordinate better, it should not be that every rich country runs its own bilateral development policy. Coordination reduces costs and makes the aid more efficient." Much, however, will also depend on African governments' will to change and open to investment, Eid added. "To say that development cooperation can fundamentally solve Africa's problems is wrong," she said.
