Global Policy Forum

By Thalif Deen

After long refusing to risk the lives of its workers in Iraq, the United Nations has reversed its stance and is planning to expand its international staff in the violence-ridden country in time for upcoming elections in late January. ''The current ceiling of 59 (international staffers) is not adequate for what we want to do,'' U.N. Spokesman Fred Eckhard told reporters Wednesday. But he declined to give specific numbers on the proposed expansion.

The limit was set by the U.N. security coordinator in the context of the deteriorating security environment in Iraq, where more than 1,200 soldiers of the U.S.-led coalition that invaded the country in March 2003 have been killed, along with thousands of civilians. ''We were not consulted on this,'' a spokesman for the U.N. Staff Union told IPS. ''We still stand by the letter we sent to the secretary-general (Kofi Annan) last month,'' he added, requesting anonymity.

In that letter, both the union and another employee body, the Federation of International Civil Servants, appealed to Annan's ''good judgment to ensure that no further staff members be sent to Iraq, and that those already deployed be instructed to leave as soon as possible.'' The two unions said they were cognizant of the ''extreme political pressures that you face'' and ''while we understand that the people of Iraq deserve the support and assistance of the international community, we cannot condone the deployment of U.N. staff in view of the unprecedented high level of risk to the safety and security of staff.''

The two unions represent over 60,000 employees, including those working in U.N. development and humanitarian agencies overseas. The world body now has about 210 international personnel in Iraq, of which 150 are part of a Fijian protection force and about 60 are electoral experts. Of the latter group, only 20 are from the United Nations while the remaining 40 are from Europe, mostly from Britain. Under the proposed plan, the United Nations is likely to increase the number of electoral experts and other personnel by 30, bringing the total number on the ground to about 200 (including the protection force), said Eckhard.

He added that Annan said he is expanding the U.N. Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) in order to help implement the mandate given by the U.N. Security Council -- to assist the Iraqis to conduct nation-wide elections on Jan. 30. The secretary-general has directed that ''first steps'' be taken to establish a UNAMI presence in two politically troubled provinces: Basra and Erbil. He plans to initially send a ''small liaison detachment'' of some four persons (military, security and support) to each of the two locations to assess and prepare appropriate and secure living and working conditions, according to Eckhard. Thereafter, ''and depending on the circumstances,'' perhaps four or five personnel will be deployed to assist and work with local authorities and local non-governmental organisations (NGOs). ''We are not monitoring the elections but simply providing technical assistance to the Independent Electoral Commission and the Iraqi government,'' added the spokesman.

Annan had earlier refused to send more U.N. personnel into Iraq because of the increasing violence of insurgency. Responding to Iraqi criticism, he told reporters in October that he would not send staff to the country unless there was ''genuine improvement in the security environment or solid arrangements for the protection of the staff.'' But the U.N. chief has been under growing pressure, both from the United States and from Iraq. In an interview with the Al-Arabia TV network Tuesday, Iraq's interim President Ghazi al-Yawar said pointedly: ''The lack of security is not a sufficient justification for the United Nations to stay away from Iraq.''

Annan is scheduled to meet outgoing U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of State-designate Condoleezza Rice in Washington, DC on Thursday. The secretary-general withdrew most of the 650 U.N. international staff from Iraq following a terrorist attack on the U.N. compound in Baghdad in August 2003. It killed 22 people, including top envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello. ''The United States has been almost hysterical in getting the United Nations to take action to legitimise the election enterprise in Iraq,'' Jim Paul of the New York-based Global Policy Forum told IPS.

Paul said he was not sure how much the recent campaign against Annan affected the U.N. chief's decision to send employees to Iraq. Over the last few weeks, right-wing politicians and media in the United States have demanded Annan resign over widespread charges of fraud and mismanagement of Iraq's now-defunct, U.N.-supervised ''oil-for--food'' programme. ''There has been a pattern of heavy pressure against the secretary-general,'' Paul added, both from the administration of U.S. President George W Bush calling for a bigger U.N. presence in Iraq, and from U.N. unions to remain out of the country. ''Annan obviously was caught between these two opposing forces,'' he added.

Paul was sceptical that Annan had caved in to Iraqi pressure. ''Iraq has zero influence on the secretary-general,'' he said, adding, ''it's the United States that has been putting the pressure on him.'' With only six more weeks to go before the Jan. 30 elections, Paul wondered: ''What really can the U.N. do in so short a time?'' He said that even if Annan decides to send an additional 30 employees, ''it will take two weeks for them to pack their bags, take a slow boat to Kuwait, clear customs there and reach Baghdad -- perhaps when the elections are over.'' He suggested the decision could be part of a political ploy -- ''an empty gesture'' -- that would keep everyone happy, including the Bush administration.